Which statement accurately describes North-up orientation?

• A. North-up rotates with the ship's heading.
• B. North-up rotates with the ship's course.
• C. North-up remains fixed relative to the chart with north at the top.
• D. North-up shows true north at the top.

Answer: (D)

North-up orientation fixes the chart so that true north is at the top of the display and the image does not rotate with the ship's heading or course. This makes bearings and distances read consistently relative to the earth. Some systems offer Magnetic North Up as a separate mode, where magnetic north would be at the top; in North-up mode the intended reference is true north. The other descriptions describe modes where the display rotates with the vessel's heading or course, or are ambiguous about whether north refers to true or magnetic, so they don't describe North-up as used here.